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| National Healthcare Disparities Report, 2003 |
Receipt of Care
Health Care Expenditures
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Overall Expenditures
Percent of persons with any health care expenditures.
Mean total expenditures among persons with expenditures.
Mean Expenditures among Users by Type of Service
Mean office-based/outpatient department expenditures among persons with office-based/outpatient department expenditures.
Mean prescription expenditures among persons with prescription expenditures.
Mean dental expenditures among persons with dental expenditures.
Mean emergency room expenditures among persons with emergency room expenditures.
Mean inpatient expenditures among persons with inpatient expenditures.
Percent of Expenditure Paid by Medicaid
Proportion of total health care expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Proportion of office-based/outpatient department expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Proportion of prescription expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Proportion of dental expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Proportion of emergency room expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Proportion of inpatient expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Percent of Expenditure Paid Out-of-Pocket
Proportion of total health care expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Proportion of office-based/outpatient department expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Proportion of prescription expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Proportion of dental expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Proportion of emergency room expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Proportion of inpatient expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Medicare Expenditures in the Last Year of Life
Mean total Medicare expenditures in the last year of life.
Overall Expenditures
Measure Title
Percent of persons with any health care expenditures.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Percent of persons with any health care expenditures, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
U.S. population (civilian, non-institutionalized).
Numerator
U.S. population (civilian, non-institutionalized) who reported having health care expenditures (i.e., health care expenses >$0).
Comments
Total health care expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for health care services from all sources.
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Overall Expenditures
Measure Title
Mean total expenditures among persons with expenditures.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Mean total expenditures among persons with expenditures, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
U.S. population (civilian, non-institutionalized) who reported having health care expenditures (i.e., health care expenses >$0).
Numerator
Total health care expenditures.
Comments
Total health care expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments from all sources.
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Mean Expenditures among Users by Type of Service
Measure Title
Mean office-based/outpatient department expenditures among persons with office-based/outpatient department expenditures.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Mean office-based/outpatient department expenditures among persons with office-based/outpatient department expenditures, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
U.S. population (civilian, non-institutionalized) who reported having office-based/outpatient department expenditures.
Numerator
Total office-based/outpatient expenditures.
Comments
Office-based/outpatient department expenditures include:
Office-based expenditures (physician and non-physician)
Outpatient department expenditures (physician and non-physician)
Inpatient expenditures for visits where the admission date was the same as the discharge date (i.e., "zero-night" stays).
Total office-based/outpatient department expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for office-based/outpatient department services from all sources.
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Mean Expenditures among Users by Type of Service
Measure Title
Mean prescription expenditures among persons with prescription expenditures.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Mean prescription expenditures among persons with prescription expenditures, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
U.S. population (civilian, non-institutionalized) who reported having prescription expenditures (i.e., prescription expenses >$0).
Numerator
Total prescription expenditures.
Comments
Total prescription medication expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for prescription medications from all sources.
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Mean Expenditures among Users by Type of Service
Measure Title
Mean dental expenditures among persons with dental expenditures.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Mean dental expenditures among persons with dental expenditures, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
U.S. population (civilian, non-institutionalized) who reported having dental expenditures (i.e., dental expenses >$0).
Numerator
Total dental expenditures.
Comments
Total dental expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for dental services from all sources.
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Mean Expenditures among Users by Type of Service
Measure Title
Mean emergency room expenditures among persons with emergency room expenditures.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Mean emergency room expenditures among persons with emergency room expenditures, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
U.S. population (civilian, non-institutionalized) who reported having emergency room expenditures (i.e., emergency room expenses >$0).
Numerator
Total emergency room expenditures.
Comments
Total emergency room expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for emergency room services from all sources.
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Mean Expenditures among Users by Type of Service
Measure Title
Mean inpatient expenditures among persons with inpatient expenditures.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Mean inpatient expenditures among persons with inpatient expenditures, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
U.S. population (civilian, non-institutionalized) who reported having inpatient expenditures (i.e., inpatient expenses >$0, excluding "zero-night" inpatient expenses).
Numerator
Total inpatient expenditures (excluding "zero-night" inpatient expenses).
Comments
Inpatient expenditures exclude those for inpatient visits where the admission date was the same as the discharge date (i.e., "zero-night" stays).
Total inpatient expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for inpatient services from all sources.
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Percent of Expenditure Paid by Medicaid
Measure Title
Proportion of total health care expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of total health care expenditures paid by Medicaid, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total health care expenditures.
Numerator
Total health care expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Comments
Total health care expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for health care services from all sources.
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Percent of Expenditure Paid by Medicaid
Measure Title
Proportion of office-based/outpatient department expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of office-based/outpatient department expenditures paid by Medicaid, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total office-based/outpatient department expenditures.
Numerator
Total office-based/outpatient department expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Comments
Office-based/outpatient department expenditures include:
Office-based expenditures (physician and non-physician)
Outpatient department expenditures (physician and non-physician)
Inpatient expenditures for visits where the admission date was the same as the discharge date (i.e., "zero-night" stays).
Total office-based/outpatient department expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for office-based/outpatient department services from all sources.
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Percent of Expenditure Paid by Medicaid
Measure Title
Proportion of prescription expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of prescription expenditures paid by Medicaid, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total prescription expenditures.
Numerator
Total prescription expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Comments
Total prescription medication expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for prescription medications from all sources.
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Percent of Expenditure Paid by Medicaid
Measure Title
Proportion of dental expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of dental expenditures paid by Medicaid, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total dental expenditures.
Numerator
Total dental expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Comments
Total dental expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for dental services from all sources.
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Percent of Expenditure Paid by Medicaid
Measure Title
Proportion of emergency room expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of emergency room expenditures paid by Medicaid, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total emergency room expenditures.
Numerator
Total emergency room expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Comments
Total emergency room expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for emergency room services from all sources.
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Percent of Expenditure Paid by Medicaid
Measure Title
Proportion of inpatient expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of inpatient expenditures paid by Medicaid, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total inpatient expenditures.
Numerator
Total inpatient expenditures paid by Medicaid.
Comments
Inpatient expenditures exclude those for inpatient visits where the admission date was the same as the discharge date (i.e., "zero-night" stays).
Total inpatient expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for inpatient services from all sources.
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Percent of Expenditure Paid Out-of-Pocket
Measure Title
Proportion of total health care expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of total health care expenditures paid out-of-pocket, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total health care expenditures.
Numerator
Total health care expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Comments
Total health care expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for health care services from all sources.
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Percent of Expenditure Paid Out-of-Pocket
Measure Title
Proportion of office-based/outpatient department expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of office-based/outpatient department expenditures paid out-of-pocket, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total office-based/outpatient department expenditures.
Numerator
Total office-based/outpatient department expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Comments
Office-based/outpatient department expenditures include:
Office-based expenditures (physician and non-physician)
Outpatient department expenditures (physician and non-physician)
Inpatient expenditures for visits where the admission date was the same as the discharge date (i.e., "zero-night" stays).
Total office-based/outpatient department expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for office-based/outpatient department services from all sources.
Top of Page
Percent of Expenditure Paid Out-of-Pocket
Measure Title
Proportion of prescription expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of prescription expenditures paid out-of-pocket, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total prescription expenditures.
Numerator
Total prescription expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Comments
Total prescription medication expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for prescription medications from all sources.
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Percent of Expenditure Paid Out-of-Pocket
Measure Title
Proportion of dental expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of dental expenditures paid out-of-pocket, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total dental expenditures.
Numerator
Total dental expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Comments
Total dental expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for dental services from all sources.
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Percent of Expenditure Paid Out-of-Pocket
Measure Title
Proportion of emergency room expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of emergency room expenditures paid out-of-pocket, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total emergency room expenditures.
Numerator
Total emergency room expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Comments
Total emergency room expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for emergency room services from all sources.
Top of Page
Percent of Expenditure Paid Out-of-Pocket
Measure Title
Proportion of inpatient expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Measure Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Tables
Proportion of inpatient expenditures paid out-of-pocket, United States, 1999, by
- Race
- Ethnicity
- Family income
- Education
Data Source
Center for Financing, Access, and Cost Trends, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), Medical Expenditure Panel Survey.
Denominator
Total inpatient expenditures.
Numerator
Total inpatient expenditures paid out-of-pocket.
Comments
Inpatient expenditures exclude those for inpatient visits where the admission date was the same as the discharge date (i.e., "zero-night" stays).
Total inpatient expenditures in MEPS are defined as the sum of payments for inpatient services from all sources.
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Medicare Expenditure in the Last Year of Life
Measure Title
Mean total Medicare expenditures in the last year of life.
Measure Source
Lisa R. Shugarman, Ph.D. and Joanne Lynn, M.D., M.S., RAND.
Tables
Mean total Medicare expenditures in the last year of life, United States, 1996-1999, by
Data Source
Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS); inpatient, outpatient, skilled nursing facility (SNF), home health, hospice, and physician/supplier Standard Analytic Files.
Population
Elderly Medicare fee-for-service beneficiaries who were continuously enrolled in both Part A (Hospital Insurance) and Part B (Supplemental Medical Insurance) for 36 months prior to their death between January 1, 1996 and December 31, 1999. We excluded beneficiaries qualifying for Medicare with ESRD or disability and those enrolled in Medicare+Choice capitated coverage. Because the 'other' race category comprised a small proportion of our sample (2.0%), we excluded them, retaining only white and black beneficiaries.
Comments
The principal outcome measure is total annual Medicare expenditures for each of three years prior to death. Medicare expenditures are the sum of inflation-adjusted (to 1999 dollars) Medicare program payments to providers for each of six service types: inpatient, outpatient, skilled nursing, home health, hospice, and physician. Deductibles, co-insurance, durable medical equipment, payment by other insurance, and out-of-pocket expenses are not included.
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