Racial and Ethnic Differences in Effectiveness of Care: Respiratory Diseases

Measure	Racial Difference[1]					Ethnic Difference[2]
	Black	Asian	NHOPI	AI/AN	>1 Race	NHB	Hispanic
Influenza Immunization
High risk persons 18-64 who received influenza vaccine in past year[3]
People 65 and over who received influenza vaccine in the past year3
Adult nursing home residents who received influenza vaccine in past year[4]
Hospital admissions for influenza per 100,000 population 65 and over[5]	*5	5
Pneumococcal Immunization
High risk persons 18-64 who ever received pneumococcal vaccination3
People 65 and over who ever received pneumococcal vaccination3
Adult nursing home residents who ever received pneumococcal vaccination4
Treatment of Pneumonia[6]
Pneumonia patients who have blood cultures taken before antibiotics	*6	6
Pneumonia patients who receive initial antibiotic dose within 8 hours of arrival	*6	6
Pneumonia patients who receive initial antibiotic consistent with current recommendations	*6	6
Pneumonia patients who receive influenza screening or vaccination	*6	6
Pneumonia patients who receive pneumococcal screening or vaccination	*6	6
Treatment of Upper Respiratory Infection
Courses of antibiotics prescribed for sole diagnosis of common cold per population[7]
Management of Asthma
Hospital admissions for asthma per 100,000 population under 18[8]
Hospital admissions for asthma per 100,000 population 18 and over8
Treatment of Tuberculosis
Completion of TB Therapy[9]		9

Key to Quality of Health Care Tables : Selected population and comparison population receive about same quality of health care : Selected population receives better quality care than the comparison population : Selected population receives worse quality care than the comparison population : Data are collected but do not meet criteria for statistical reliability

[1] Compared with whites.

[2] Compared with non-Hispanic whites.

[3] Source: NHIS, 2000.

[4] Source: NNHS, 1999. This source did not collect information for >1 race. Missing rates preclude analysis by ethnicity

[5] Source: HCUP SID 16 state database, 2000. This source categorizes race/ethnicity very differently from other sources. Race/ethnicity information is categorized as a single item: Non-Hispanic white, Non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander. These contrasts compare each group with non-Hispanic whites. An * is inserted in the Black column to indicate that estimates for this group could not be produced.

[6] Source: Medicare Quality Improvement Organization program. This source categorizes race/ethnicity very differently from other sources. Race/ethnicity information is categorized as a single item: Non-Hispanic white, Non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian or Pacific Islander. These contrasts compare each group with non-Hispanic whites. An * is inserted in the Black column to indicate that estimates for this group could not be produced.

[7] Source: NAMCS/NHAMCS, 1999-2000. This source did not collect information for >1 race. Missing rates preclude analysis by ethnicity.

[8] Source: NHDS, 2000. This source did not collect information for >1 race. Missing rates preclude analysis by ethnicity.

[9] Source: CDC's National TB Surveillance System, 1999. This source did not collect information on Asians and NHOPIs separately but in aggregate as Asian or Pacific Islander. This source did not collect information for >1 race.

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